Establishing criteria for the management of tephritid fruit fly outbreaks

Abstract Tephritid fruit flies (Diptera; Tephritidae) represent a group of insects that include some the most economically important pests in horticulture. Because their economic importance, financial impacts an incursion tephritid into new area can often result restrictions to trade. The any trade imposed by importing countries are confounded current absence consistent and accepted criteria for strength extent declaring end incursion. author has developed models be used establish management fly outbreaks as outlined international standards. A model enables on when recognise occurred export restrictions. Another determines what or radius restriction zone (ERZ) should cover. And third establishes conditions required enable ERZ rescinded area’s pest free status reinstated. rely primarily biology effectiveness surveillance trapping systems. adoption these proposed internationally establishing control system responding would provide considerable benefits Additionally, make more informed cost–benefit decisions level investment systems better reflects risks economy.